Genes, Traits and Mendels Law of Segregation

The Dark Side of Advertising - 1741 Words

The Dark Side of Advertising Woolworths, the Fresh Food People! Oh, what a feeling, Toyota! I’m lovin’ it! †¨These are the indestructible jingles that the world of advertising has managed to drum into our heads, over the course of time. Effective? Yes. Escapable? No. Teenagers in contemporary society are exposed to up to 3000 ads per day, meaning that we are constantly bombarded with advertisements from the minute we step outside our bedroom door. As promotional agencies increase their exposure, they have changed the typical nature of advertising and have become more affluent with the strategies and techniques they employ. Advertising has shifted into an industry of its own and is clearly shaping, modifying and defining the moral†¦show more content†¦A quote by Fred Allen exclaims,â€Å"Advertising is 85% confusion, 15% commission.† Advertisements are intended to persuade customers into purchasing products, regardless of consumer complacency. They don’t care about how we feel - as long as we continue to swipe the credit card they will have no concern for consumers. Teens account for US $1 billion in e-commerce spending, meaning that young adults are at a high risk of careless online advertising manipulation by companies. Photoshopping techniques and surgically enhanced bodies are at the heart of modern advertising. The deceiving nature of connotation is casting a gloomy eclipse over advertising, along with the deceit usually automatically attached to the promotion. We are becoming a hyper-stimulated society, obsessed with making purchases because we risk being unworthy or unpopular if we don’t possess a particular product. Consumers are manipulated into a living popularity contest due to the derogatory effects of advertising. James Collins once stated, â€Å"A magazine is simply a device to induce people to read advertising†. With their high number of advertisements, magazines are the number one culprits of photo editing, with almost all of their feature photos or promotions undergoing touch-ups. Did you know that most Victoria’s Secret models in promotions are a size 2, with a 34†-36† bust, 23† waist and 34†-35† hips? Not to mention the hours of r etouching, cropping and editing thatShow MoreRelatedBan On Tobacco Advertisements By The Government Of India1444 Words   |  6 Pagesshape or form and on February 6, 2001 the government of India (the third largest producer of tobacco in the world) dropped a bombshell on the tobacco industry when it too wanted to start its own band. The government would ban tobacco companies from advertising and sponsoring sports and cultural events all together (Case Studies, n.d.). India like many other European countries viewed the negative effects of smoking on its population and had boldly set out to ban tobacco ads from the public for three majorRead MoreThe Ban On Advertising Tobacco Products885 Words   |  4 PagesThe ban put on advertising tobacco products in India has caused a lot of debates. Some say it violates the constitution, others say it saves lives. Each side sets a valid argument, but which side is right? These bans do not only exist in India. They have been put into action in many different countries as well. Tobacco use kills 5.4 million people a year, averaging at about half of all smokers. (W.H.O.-Facts) I think that everyone is aware of how bad tobacco use is for your health. What peopleRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Society923 Words   |  4 PagesIn a country that has grown the reputation of being overly unhealthy, in-productively is only one side of the coin. The other side is dieting, and how it has become vastly intertwined with American culture. Almost anything informatively health-related will state the harrowing consequences of eating poorly. However, every article, video, research paper, and advertisement made to inform people of the results of poor dieting — is almost irrelevant, for there are an unanimously greater number of advertisementsRead MoreI m A Mac Campaign1700 Words   |  7 Pagesduo fight for almost two years now, but have you picked a side, are you still on the fence or could you not be bothered? The twosome at the forefront of the ‘Get a Mac’ campaign have made it far from easy to ignore, in fact this campaign is proving to be one of a kind. This contemporary campaign has broken barriers and garnered success economically, culturally and internationally all the while reinforcing its brand and image through advertising tactics despite falling subject to scrutiny. As much asRead MoreRhetorical Strategies for Distinct Image Ads in Same Product1643 Words   |  7 PagesRhetorical Strategies for Distinct Image Ads in Same product Advertisement is a form of communication intended to persuade consumers to purchase or to accept the ideas, products or services. Advertising persuasion strategy not only has logic, but also has a unique artistry that advertisers use to find many effective persuasions for various kinds of target markets. Different ways to persuade customers for the same product could have distinct effects by analyzing targets, appeal methods, and anglesRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children And Families Essay1490 Words   |  6 Pagesadvertisements, ignorance is common. Remember all those classic systems and games from companies like Nintendo and Atari? They are often viewed as light fond childhood memories, but what most people do not remember or choose not to remember is the dark side of these 80’s and 90’s golden age games and their marketing strategies. From loving mothers to intimate lovers, these advertisements might be a bit different from what most people remember. If the record were to be set straight and light was shedRead MoreEssay about Critical Evaluation of a Magazine Advertisement898 Words   |  4 Pagesperson, we must wear this perfume which relates to using pathos. Also, there are very few colors in this picture. The simplicity of this person and picture makes the perfume bottle stand out that much more. The model is very pale with extremely dark hair and very powerful red lips and nails. The colors on the woman are the same you can see on the bottle which ties them both together. Red, being a very powerful color, makes the bottle stand out. In this advertisement the model is naked whichRead MoreEssay on The Popularity of Advertising1324 Words   |  6 PagesThe Popularity of Advertising Advertising is increasing so quickly that it has become unavoidable. Where-ever you go, you can find advertising. For example, it can be found on Trains, Buses, Buildings, Newspapers, Television and even on the side of Football pitches. Advertising also uses a lot of methods, such as Celebrity endorsement, Exotic places, Humour, Catchy slogans and Sex. Advertising has to be strictly decent, legal and clean. All adverts have to be checkedRead MoreE Commerce And The Internet1252 Words   |  6 Pagespostage and printing costs, among many others, can be reduced. Companies could use the internet to search for lowest price materials for their products. With the extra funding from cutting cost, the company could maximize their advertising and marketing strategies.  ¡Ã‚ °Online advertising has been growing steadily since early 2003 and is on track to surpass the $10 billion annual spending level for the first time in history. Research firm eMarketer predicts that more than $12 billion will be spent this yearRead MoreEssay about Advertising Ethics1274 Words   |  6 Pages The age of advertising today is not what it used to be years ago. Pharmaceutical companies are spending on average billions of dollars to market their drugs directly to the consumers. With this comes a potential harm to some consumers due to the fact that they feel like they are free to ask for anything that may stop the symptoms they have. Should the FDA take a stand in putting a stop to how certain drugs are marketed, or just continue to let it get out of control? Who should be able to control

arsenic Essay Example For Students

arsenic Essay a semimetallic chemical element; symbol As; at. no. 33; at. wt. 74.9216; m. p. 817C (at 28 atmospheres pressure); sublimation point 613C; sp. gr. (stable form) 5. 73; valence -3, 0, +3, or +5. Arsenic appears in several allotropic forms (see allotropy); the stable form is a silver-gray, brittle crystalline solid that tarnishes rapidly in air, and at high temperatures burns to form a white cloud of arsenic trioxide. A yellow crystalline form and a black amorphous form are also known. Arsenic is a member of group Va of the periodic table. It combines readily with many elements: with hydrogen to form arsine, an extremely poisonous gas; with oxygen to form a pentoxide and the above-mentioned trioxide (As2O3 or As4O6), a deadly poison also called arsenic (III) oxide, arsenious oxide, white arsenic, or, simply, arsenic; with the halogens; and with sulfur. The element is used with other metals to make hard, strong, corrosion-resistant alloys. Its compounds are used in pigments, animal poisons, insecticides (e.g. , Paris green), and poison gases (such as lewisite) for chemical warfare. They are also used in glassmaking, in calico and indigo printing, in tanning and taxidermy (as preservatives), and in pyrotechnics. Small quantities of arsenic added to lead in the manufacture of shot assure perfectly spherical pellets by delaying the solidification of the molten lead, and thereby allowing it to flow more readily; the arsenic also contributes hardness. A small amount of arsenic is added to germanium in the production of semiconductor devices such as transistors and integrated circuits. A number of organic compounds of arsenic are used in medicine; the best known is Salvarsan, formerly used extensively in the treatment of syphilis and yaws. On the other hand, many arsenic compounds are strong poisons. One delicate test for the presence of even microscopic quantities of arsenic in compounds is the Marsh test. Arsenic occurs in many ores, including realgar, orpiment, and arsenopyrite, the chief commercial source. When it is prepared commercially from sulfide ores, e.g., arsenical pyrites, the ores are roasted (heated in the absence of air); the arsenic sublimes (passes directly from the solid to the gaseous state) and is condensed. In another method, white arsenic is reduced with carbon. Although realgar, orpiment, and other arsenic minerals were known to the Greeks of Aristotles time, the element itself was not. The arsenic so called by them and by the later alchemists was not true arsenic, but probably arsenic trioxide. The element was first described by Albertus Magnus in the 13th cent.

Women In The Work Place Essays - Sexism, Labour Economics

Women In The Work Place The past decades there has been a dramatic increase of women participating in the labor force from countries all over the World including Canada. In 1950, one Canadian worker in five was a woman. By 1980 this percentage had doubled, and women are expected to make up more than 44 percent of the labor force by the end of this century. The increase in female participation started occurring during the 1970's. This increase also caused the largest baby boom that the Canadian female labor force had ever witnessed. In North America it is common for women to have part-time or summer jobs, and the participation rate of teenage girls is high. It is also mostly high throughout the world in places as United Kingdom because of the fewer women going to school. But in places like France, Italy, and Japan the female participation rate is very low. In most of the countries the labour force is most participated in the age groups between 20 and 24. The labor force of mature women is very high in Sweden, because of the encouraged day care facilities, which also provides the females with legislation that provides them with excellent benefits. In Japan there is a drop in female economic activity, the reason why is it affects their marriage and the care of their only child. An observation of labor force participation rates in Canada show that female rates rose a lot between 1971 and 1981, while the male rate rose unnoticeably. The increase in the female participation rate was found in all age groups except in older women. For women aged 15 to 19 the rate was as almost as high as the men. But the largest increase was in the age group of 25-44 years old, where the rate rose almost 50 percent. This meant that the participation rates of the females had become more alike with the men. Family status also influenced the female participation rate but later on during 1981 it had a more less affect than in 1971. According to statistics just over one quarter of married women with young children were working, but this later changed and grew by 76 percent over a 10-year period of time. The rate also showed an increase of 47 percent for widowed, divorced, and separated women with children. However single women with young children showed a slight decrease. However the female participation rate is not so much related to family status as today as it was many years ago. During the period of 1971 through 1981 the involvement of married women went through a major change. Fewer women saw marriage as a reason to interrupt their participation in the job force, and couple tended to postpone having children or not having any at all. While women with young children tended to participate less in the labor market and quit their jobs more frequently than men. Females did the exact opposite of what men did when they had children while working, and in some cases were actually more stable than men without children. This showed that the couple's attitude towards having children influenced a decrease in the female labor force participation rate. In 1981 most women spent an average of 1,247 hours a year working, compared with 1,431 hours in 1971 which had dropped about 15 percent. Even men saw their average hours decrease by 13 percent. Not only more women were working, more were working part-time for only part of the year which meant more women on the unemployment rolls. In the 1960's the unemployment rate for females was 3 percent and ten years later increased to 7 percent. Since June 1982 the unemployment rate for men was 11-13 percent and the women's just above that rate which could also exceed that of the men near the end of the century. Only about 11 percent of women had part-time jobs because they couldn't find full-time employment or because they wished to spend more time to their education or their families, or for other reasons. Although 24 percent of the women working part-time would have preferred a full-time job if it had been available. According to the Statistics Canada study, in 1970 women were extremely poorly

Understand how health and safety legislation is implemented in the health and social care workplace free essay sample

Assignment Front Sheet Qualification Unit Number and Title Pearson BTEC Level 4 HND Diploma In Health and Social Care Student Name Unit 3: Health and Safety in the Health and Social Care Workplace Assessor name: Christine Pratt Date of Issue Completion date 27/01/2014 18/04/2014 Student No. Submitted on Assignment title Learning Outcome Learning outcome Assessment criteria LO1 Understand 1. 1 how health and safety legislation is implemented in the health and social care workplace 1. 2 1. 3 In this assessment you will Task have the opportunity to No. present evidence that shows you are able to review systems, policies and 1Â  procedures for communicating information on health and safety in the health and social care workplace in accordance with legislative requirements Evidence (Page no) assess the responsibilities in 1 a specific health and social care workplace for the management of health and safety in relation to organisational structures analyse health and safety 1 priorities ap propriate for a specific health and social care workplace. We will write a custom essay sample on Understand how health and safety legislation is implemented in the health and social care workplace or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Understand 2. 1 the ways in which health and safety requirements impact on customers and 2. 2 the work of practitioners in the health and social care workplace 2. 3 2. 4 LO3 Understand the monitoringand review of health and safety in the health and social care workplace 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3 analyse how information from risk assessments informs care planning for individuals and organisational decision making about policies and procedures analyse the impact of one aspect of health and safety policy on health and social care practice and its customers discuss how dilemmas encountered in relation to implementing systems and policies for health, safety and security may be addressed analyse the effect of noncompliance with health and safety legislation in a health and social care workplace explain how health and safety policies and practices are monitored and reviewed 2 analyse the effectiveness of health and safety policies and practices in the workplace in promoting a positive, healthy and safe culture evaluate own contributions to placing the health and safety needs of individuals at the centre of practice. 3 2 2 2 3 3 Learner declaration I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged. Student Signature: Date: 2 In addition to the above PASS criteria, this assignment gives you the opportunity to submit evidence in order to achieve the following MERIT and DISTINCTION grades. Grade Descriptor Indicative characteristic/s Contextualisation M1 Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions Effective judgements have been made M2 Select/design and apply appropriate methods and techniques A range of sources of information have been applied M3 Present and communicate appropriate findings Communication is appropriate for familiar and unfamiliar audiences and appropriate media have been used D1 Use critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions Conclusions have been arrived at through synthesis of ideas and have been justified

Hospice Care Essay Example

Hospice Care Essay Example Hospice Care Essay Hospice Care Essay Risk and Quality Management Assessment: Hospice Care HCS/451 Hospice Care The only two things that are guaranteed in life are birth and death. It seems that every time I tell my husband that his drinking habits are going to be the death of him one day. He always responds by saying Weve all got to day someday in one way or another, so why not enjoy life while you have it. But in some cases the choices that we make will often determine whether we live to see the age of 90 verses Just the age of 40 or 50. Nevertheless, whether it is death by a life full of bad choice, by accident, or by the luxury of old age. My husband is absolutely correct in saying we all have to die one day and because of that fact hospice care is available. This will be an in depth description of the hospice organization as a whole. As well as the demographics of whom they serve and the types of resources and services the organization has to offer its clientele. This executive summary will also including a summary of the risk management and quality management operatives that are associated with hospice organizations as a whole. Hospice Description The hospice program was pioneered in England back in the early 1970s. It was a rogram established to assist patients and their families with end-of-life care. A hospice care team is comprised of nursing assistants, licensed vocational nurses, registered nurses, social workers, pastoral counselors, and many other health professionals. All of whom are under the direct management and guidance of a physician. The first hospice program to surface in the United States was in Connecticut back in 1973. After hospice took root in the United States in the 70s, around the early 80s hospice became an added benefit to the United States Medicare program. Because cancer was so prevalent in the 70s and 80s, hospice are was initially designed for people who were dying of cancer, and who had a functional family support system and a home where they could be cared for away from the high-tech hospital environment. (What is Hospice Care? , Mar/Apr 2003, p6). Vitas Innovative Hospice Care, a pioneer and leader in the hospice movement since 1978, is the nations largest provider of end-of-life care. (Vitas. com, 2012). Who Hospice Serves Currently, hospice care is no longer geared towards any one particular disease or circumstance. With improvements in technology and science hospice has immensely eveloped and matured from its original vision and values over the years. Hospice care is now equipped to assist patients that have a range of terminal illnesses from cancer, to heart disease, to HIV, and many more. It is now offered to patients with a lack of family support as well as patients that are housed in an institutional setting. In the 1980s hospice had become a standard element of end-of-life care and is now consider a form of accepted medical practice. Hospice cannot rightfully be a matter decision in 1983 to include hospice care in the Medicare program put an end to such thinking. (What is Hospice Care? Mar/Apr 2003, p6). Hospice Services Hospice offers a variety of services not only for their patients but the patients families as well. Over the years many foundations have dedicated resource to advance the knowledge and awareness needed to support and improve end-of-life care. One of the main services that hospice offers is professional nursing care in the public and private sector. It is extremely important that hospice provide the patient with as much comfort as possible so nursing care will be provided in whatever sector the patient feels most comfortable in. Hospice also offers assistance with daily and ersonal activities as needed by the patient or their families. There are also various forms of rehabilitation therapy and dietary counseling available through hospice. Hospice patients are often provided with a case worker that will assist the patients and their families with any necessary resource that may be needed while on hospice. Another service offered to patients and their family members through the hospice program is spiritual and psychological counseling. There are always Chaplins on staff for the hospice patients and their families to speak with and pray with if desired. As well as various counselors that will meet with hospice patients and their family members for any form of desired counseling. Respite care and volunteer services are two other resource services which are also offered through the hospice care program. Provision of medical drugs and treatments is available for hospice patients that cannot afford their medications. After the hospice patient has passed away family bereavement services are offered to the patients family members. The needs of a dying person fall within three categories: physical, emotional, and social welling being. Physical needs may include things such as a clean and safe living environment, assistances with personal care like bathing and dressing. As well as personal assistances with making sure the patient is getting the proper amounts food and nutrients needed on a daily basis. Emotional needs may include making sure the patients dying wishes are being respected and met. Also providing emotional counseling to help the patient come to terms with what is happening in their life. Social needs may include assisting patients with social functions and help with maintaining relationships and many other social needs that may surface. Caring for the dying is a complex social enterprise that must involve the families of the dying, religious organizations, the health care system, and the community at large, from the very local to the national level. (What is Hospice Care? , Mar/Apr 2003, p6). The resources and services that hospice care offers are in place to purposely meet each and every one of those needs. Purpose of Risk Management Therefore, in order to meet those needs properly an organization must learn how to evaluate and control its own risk. Risk management is a process in which an organization forms strategies and planning mechanisms that will help the rganization reduce or eliminate the likelihood of a specific or general form of loss or risk. The process of gathering and utilizing systematic data are key essentials to the concept of risk management. Now for many organizations risk management programs consist of two components, proactive and reactive management. Proactive management is the process in which organizations have active planning mechanisms management is reactive management. Reactive measures are the risk management components that are implemented in response to an adverse or unlikely occurrence happening. As stated in the Manuel for Indian Health Services, whether it be a proactive or reactive risk management process it should be comprised of these factors: 0 Diagnosis†ldentification of risk or potential risk. Assessment†calculation of the probability of adverse effect from the risk situation. 0 Prognosis†Estimation of the impact of the adverse effect. 0 Management†Control of the risk. (2006,Health Care Risk Management). Risk management is evaluated on an organization-by-organization basis. The risk that are associated to one organization may not have any affect or bearing on another organizati on. This is why it is important for individual organizations to go through the process of diagnosing, assessing, determining a prognosis, and managing their own risks. Once those evaluations are addressed the organization can then form adequate proactive and reactive measures that best suit the needs of their organization. Even though proactive and reactive components may differ on a case-by-case basis the goal of risk management should all be the same. Which is to minimize or eliminate the risk if harm to patients, minimize liability exposures of the health care provider, and to inimize financial loss to the organization and its stakeholders (University of Phoenix, 2009). Key Concepts The key concepts of risk management should be based on the principles of identifying key risk factors. Risk factors have to be considered in all areas of hospice care work and operational activities. Staff should be encouraged to do proper incident reporting, this will allow quality management teams to better asses risk based on reoccurring incidents (Agarwal, 2013). Good risk management comes from integrating all risk management activities to obtain a holistic picture of how the rganization is performing. Direct patient care, health and safety, security, financial management, and system information management are Just a few of the many activities and concepts that need to be monitored for risk and quality improvements. Identifying and Managing Risk The organization should identify and manage risk by first taking an evaluation of the organization as a whole. During the evaluation process the organization should be able to identify the risks that are predominant to their environment. During the evaluation process the organization should also be able to diagnosis any potential isk and assess how those risks are going to effect the organization. Through the management process the facility can also determine a prognosis or a solution for the risk that they have identified in the evaluation process. And at that point the organization can then begin to manage the prognosis which will in return allow the organization to control the risk. Typical Hospice Risk There are a number of different risks that may affect a hospice care facility in a negative way and the risk can be both internal and external. Internal risks are things such as direct patient care, infection control, and incident reporting. External risks are things such as: supplier quality, social media, and reputational risk. Though all risks whether they are internal or external have a direct effect on the facilities influence quality outcomes which is why it is vital for facilities to know their risks and manage them well. Successful direct patient care, minimizing or elimination the spread of infection, clear concessive incident reporting, excellent supplier quality, technically sav. y facilities, and up-to-date social media resources will tremendously boost a facilities quality outcome. But if the quality in those listed objectives is acking it could have a reverse negative affect on quality outcomes. Long-term and Short-term Goals There are many long-term and short-term goals that have been established in the hospice care organization. Long-term 10% growth in the profit margins over the next 5-7 years, become a totally skilled Registered Nurse only hospice facility over the next 5 years, and witness a 15% decrease in incidents over the next 5 years. Short-term 5% increase in positive patient feedback, 5% decrease in staff related injuries, and a 5-10% decrease in staff tardiness and absenteeism all in a matter of 6-12 months. Both long-term and short-term goals will allow the facility to improve its quality of care in a positive way. Policies and Procedures Policies and procedures are two of the most common terms used when attempting to establish a sense of order in any facility. But these factors are ten times more important when it involves a healthcare organization. Requiring a planned care pathway and protocol care plan for each individual patient should be an implemented policy. Robust incident reporting should be implemented, which means reporting all incidents whether small or large it needs to be reported. Regular patient nd staff surveys and feedback should also be implemented. All of these implemented policies and procedures will have a direct positive influence on quality health outcomes. Risk and Quality Management Conclusion In conclusion, if an organization fails to manage their risk they cannot adequately control their own quality the two go hand-in-hand. Perkins (2013), Risk management is the process of identifying, addressing, prioritizing, and eliminating potential sources of failure to achieve objectives. Quality management can be thought of as the process of designing and executing products and services effectively, efficiently, nd economically. (Quality management and risk management). Risk and quality management together allow the organization to achieve an objective in an effective, efficient, and economical way that benefits both the patients and the organization. So when a loved one is facing death and has been given a pre-determined amount of time to live out the remainder of their life, it is important that they seek facilities that enforc e a strong linkage between risk and quality management because like many things you can have one without the other. References Agarwal, R. (2013). A Guideline for Quality Accreditation in Hospitals. Retrieved from accreditation-hospitals. html Esain, A. E. , Williams, S. J. , Gakhal, S. , Caley, L. , Cooke, M. W. (2012). Healthcare quality improvement policy implications and practicalities. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 25(7), 565-81. doi:http:// dx. doi. org/lo. 1108/09526861211261172 Hospice care: About us, (2012). Vitas Innovative Hospice Care Texas. Retrieved from vitas. com Perkins, E. (2013). Linking Quality Management and Risk Management. Retrieved from http:// www. qualitydigest. com/inside/quality-insider-column/linking-quality-management- nd-risk-management. tml Rekleiti, M. , Kyloudis, P. , Toska, A. , Saridi, M. (2012). Patient safety and healthcare quality. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 5(2), 74-79. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/1114166783? accountid=458 University of Phoenix. (2009). Risk Management Handbook for Health Care Organizations, Student Edition. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, HCS 451 w ebsite. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2006). Retrieved from ihs. gov/riskmanagement/index. cfm? module=partol What is Hospice Care? , (2003). Hastings Center Report, 6-12.

The Role of a Financial Manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Role of a Financial Manager - Essay Example This essay explores the field of finance that is a very important part of every modern business organization, and financial considerations lie at the heart of all crucial business decisions. The researcher focuses on describing of the position named Financial Manager that is the person usually responsible for supervising and keeping in existence the organization’s financial policies and history. The role of a Financial Manager is to analyze financial information and generate financial reports that will assist the organization in decision-making, business progress and elaborate planning procedures. The FM is the pivotal figure in the two halves of the financial circle involving an organization – one involving the movement of money from investors into the organization, and the other half including the movement of money from the organization to the same investors. Nearly every business organization today, whether in the private or public sector, employs at least one Financ ial Manager. His or her duties vary slightly according to the size of the organization. However, this essay describes a typical Financial Manager who is required to perform 5 roles – that of a Controller, Treasurer, Credit Manager, Cash Manager and Risk & Insurance Manager. The researcher also explores the FM role in a multinational corporation and his duties in a branch of a bank or other financial institution. It is also mentined that the most important decisions of FM are those relating to financing, investment and asset management.